An interesting new book by University of Washington astronomy professor Emily Levesque is coming out this week. The Last Stargazers: The Enduring Story of Astronomy's Vanishing Explorers (Sourcebooks, 2020) will be published August 4. In The Last StargazersLevesque shares the tales and experiences of astronomical observing. Weaving together stories from more than 100 astronomers and observatory employees, The Last Stargazers explores how modern observatories are run, shares some of the many incredible stories from the astronomy community about what it’s like to work at a telescope, and reveals the transformative developments in astronomy's immediate future.
Several events mark the release of the book, including a virtual meeting of Astronomy on Tap Seattle at 8 p.m. August 6. Watch live on either Zoom or YouTube. Levesque also will do a launch event August 3 through Elliott Bay Book Company and another through Denver's Tattered Cover bookstore August 13 in conversation with Bad Astronomy'sPhil Plait.
Levesque's research specialty is the evolution of dying stars. We covered a talk she did for Astronomy on Tap Seattle back in 2016. She's an engaging speaker and writer and we're looking forward to reading the book.
By the way, you can pre-order the book by clicking the image to the left or the title link above. Seattle Astronomy gets a small cut, at no cost to you, when you do that, and it helps support our work. Many thanks!
Last night, July 14, 2020, was a pleasantly mild one on Alki Beach in West Seattle, and it turned out to be a perfect on during which to catch a glimpse of Comet C/2020 F3, to which we will henceforth refer as NEOWISE.
I wandered down to the beach with my binoculars and my DSLR camera a little past 9pm to stake out a good spot for comet searching. It turned out to be way earlier than was necessary. Scanning often with the binoculars, I didn't finally spot the comet until right around 10:30pm. Once spotted it was still pretty faint, but at the same time easy to find again.
Shot of Comet NEOWISE from Alki Beach on July 14, 2020.
Photo: Greg Scheiderer
I'm not often accused of being an astrophotographer, though I sometimes like to get a snapshot just to prove I was there. In this case, as the weather forecast looked favorable for the evening I must have read a dozen articles during the day about how to photograph a comet. This gave me about two dozen techniques from which to choose, but enough ballpark information that I thought I would be able to get a decent shot. The one directly to the left is my favorite from the evening.
An unexpected challenge of getting this shot is that NEOWISE was so faint that I couldn't really frame the photos through the camera viewfinder or with the back screen. I ended up taking images, and if the comet wasn't there, I'd just move the camera a bit, take another one, and another, until I found a composition that I liked.
NEOWISE from Alki
Photo: Greg Scheiderer
It worked out pretty OK!
For the photog types out there, I used a Nikon D3100 with the 55-200mm zoom kit lens. I was at ISO 1600. The upper photo was a 10 second exposure at f4.2 with the lens at 66mm. The one to the left was at 55mm, eight seconds at f4.
I found several shots that were zoomed in a little closer to be a tad blurry. It was pretty hard to set focus!
Comet hunting was fun and I was a bit surprised that there were so many folks out who were aware of this event, many of them back for a second evening at Alki. My binoculars gave lots of folks a better look, so that was enjoyable.
NEOWISE was the most impressive comet I've seen. Back in early 2007 Comet McNaught was spectacular, but mostly a Southern Hemisphere event. I caught it briefly one evening as it moved between the clouds right around sunset. Hale Bopp was great in 1996-97, but I don't remember being able to see so much of it's tail, at least when I saw it. I was in college when Comet West was here and still haven't figured out how I missed that entirely.
NEOWISE will be around for a few more weeks. This NASA site has good info for spotting it.
I've been contemplating a series of posts detailing visits to Seattle-area sundials. It seems like a good and reasonably solitary astronomical activity. Woody Sullivan, professor emeritus of astronomy at the University of Washington, has set out to make Seattle the sundial capital of the world. He may be well on his way to success in this regard; he's created the Northwest Sundials website that features 21 dials in Seattle and many more around the state.
Sundial in Weatherwatch Park, West Seattle
Photo: Greg Scheiderer
I'm moved to begin this series because I came across one of the sundials on the list while out with my wife on a hike/walk on a lovely spring day recently. This dial is on a pillar in Weather Watch Park in West Seattle, a little street-end pocket park located at 4035 Beach Drive SW.
The park doesn't appear to be part of Seattle Parks and Recreation and is not listed on its website. Weather Watch Park was created in 1990 with funding from the Alki Community Council. The artwork on the site was created by Lezlie Jane, a local artist who has contributed to a number of similar installations in the area.
I snapped this photo with my iPhone camera at 12:43 p.m. PDT on last Thursday, May 28. The dial reads just a hair past 1 p.m. There are a couple of possible reasons for this discrepancy. First, sundials indicate solar time, not clock time. According to TimeandDate.com, solar noon that day came at 1:06 p.m., so the dial would be about six minutes behind. Second, the gnomon of the dial appears slightly bent, which would throw off the shadow some. Finally, solar noon here could be slightly different from what it is wherever TimeandDate.com calls "Seattle."
Many sundials feature a quotation. The one on this one reads, "Time is too slow for those who wait. Too swift for those who fear. Too long for those who grieve. Too short for those who rejoice, but for those who love time is eternity."
The site includes some historical and weather information for the site, a nice bench with a map of the Olympic Mountains across the sound, and a plaza with bricks of area settlers and, we presume, donors who helped fund the park.
Jason Barnes hesitates to call the upcoming Dragonfly mission to Saturn’s moon Titan a helicopter.
“Dragonfly is a nuclear quadcopter lander,” said Barnes while admitting that it sounds at least a little bit crazy. Barnes, a professor of physics at the University of Idaho and deputy principal investigator for Dragonfly, made a presentation at an online astrobiology colloquium at the University of Washington this week. Dragonfly will search for signs of life, biosignatures, on the distant moon.
Why Titan?
The online colloquium was attended by more than 100
people. This slide compared places with an atmosphere and
solid surfaces.
Barnes noted there are several good reasons for a mission to Titan. It’s one of just four places in our solar system with both a solid surface and a significant atmosphere—the others being Earth, Venus, and Mars. Titan has important similarities to Earth, especially the pressure and composition of its atmosphere.
“The combination of a thick atmosphere and low gravity make Titan the easiest place to fly in the entire solar system,” Barnes said. He noted that we’ve focused on finding water in the search for life, and there’s lots of water on several of the icy moons of the outer solar system.
“The real reason that Titan among these is the most compelling target, I think, is not the water, it’s the carbon,” Barnes said.
He explained that Titan’s atmosphere is made up of mostly nitrogen, but that it contains about 5 percent methane. Ultraviolet light from the Sun breaks methane molecules down into smaller ones that then recombine into larger complex carbon chains that eventually rain down to the surface of Titan.
“They provide the carbon from which you can potentially build up prebiotic and possibly biotic molecules to start the process of how we think life may have formed on Earth four billion years ago,” Barnes said.
Where to look
Observations from the Cassini mission and its Huygens probe have given us several places to look. There are large dunes of organic material on Titan separated by open areas of the moon’s water-ice crust. The impact crater Selk may have once contained a huge water sea that remained liquid for tens of thousands of years—a great place for life to form. Hopscotching to these various places is how the concept of the mission came about.
“We came upon this solution because we needed mobility to be able to get to both the water ice and organic sediments,” Barnes said. “We call it a rotorcraft relocatable lander because we spend almost all of our time on the ground.”
Indeed, Dragonfly will fly to a new spot only about once every Earth month, using time on the surface of Titan to conduct a battery of experiments. One of the mission’s main goals is finding chemical biosignatures. Barnes figures it will be the first mission with such a specific goal since the Viking landings on Mars. He added that there won’t be a rush to judgement on the question of life.
“There’s no silver bullet when it comes to looking for biology,” Barnes said, adding that no single indicator will make them declare they found it. “This is going to be a long, scientific process by which we put in multiple lines of evidence to try to see if we can figure out what’s going on.”
A big spacecraft
Dragonfly will be about two or three meters tall, about three and a half meters long, and weigh about half a ton. It will carry four instruments: a camera suite with eight cameras in all, a mass spectrometer, a gamma ray/neutron spectrometer, and environmental monitoring systems including a seismometer.
The launch of Dragonfly is set for 2026, and it will take about eight and a half years for the craft to get to Titan.
“Exploration of the outer solar system is a process for the patient,” Barnes said.
The weeklong (April 19-26) celebration of the night is supported by the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA). It is an opportunity for us all to consider the role of the night and its star-filled sky in each of our lives. This year, IDA is encouraging people around the world to come together online to celebrate the night and engage with authors, creators, scientists, and educators whose works have been vital to the movement to protect the night from light pollution.
“Right now, families around the globe find themselves spending many hours at home together,” notes Ruskin Hartley, IDA’s executive director. “It’s a perfect time to reconnect with the night sky — and International Dark-Sky Week provides a portal for that experience.”
There will be numerous other presentations about various astronomical topics. You can access the full schedule online, but beware that it isn’t particularly user friendly, and specific times for most of the presentations have not yet been set as of this writing.
Several events mark the release of the book, including a virtual meeting of Astronomy on Tap Seattle at 8 p.m. August 6. Watch live on either Zoom or YouTube. Levesque also will do a launch event August 3 through Elliott Bay Book Company and another through Denver's Tattered Cover bookstore August 13 in conversation with Bad Astronomy's Phil Plait. 
